quality Portable Wifi Routers & Wireless Wifi Routers manufacturer

In 5G, a path request is a signaling message sent by the target base station to the core network during handover to redirect the path of the terminal (data) session. TS 38.413 defines the following:   I. PDU Session Setup Failures   If any PDU session setup fails, the list of failed sessions shall be included within the “Path Switch Request Setup Failure Transport IE” in the PATH SWITCH REQUEST message. The AMF shall process this information as specified in TS 23.502.   2. User Security and Path Information   For each PDU session, if its "additional redundant DL QoS flow information IE for each TNL" is included in the PATH SWITCH REQUEST Transfer IE of the Path Switch Request message, Then the SMF can use each included UP transport layer information as the downlink termination point for the associated QoS flows contained in this PDU session, and these QoS flows are split into different tunnels for redundant transmission. For each PDU session, if the Path Switch Request Transfer IE of its "Path Switch Request" message contains "Redundant DL NG-U TNL information Reuse IE", then the SMF should (if supported) treat the included DL transport layer address as the DL transport layer address for redundant transfer. As described in TS 23.501. For each PDU session, if the Path Switch Request Transfer IE of its "Path Switch Request" message contains the "Global RAN Node ID of the auxiliary NG-RAN node" IE, the SMF should (if supported) handle this information as stipulated in TS 23.501. For each PDU session contained in the PATH SWITCH REQUEST message, if the "Path Switch Request Transmission IE" contains the "Current QoS Parameter Set Index IE", the SMF should treat it as the currently implemented QoS parameter set among the alternative QoS parameters of the involved QoS flow. The NG-RAN node should (if supported) report the processing indicator IE based on the PDU set in the "PATH SWITCH REQUEST Transmission IE" in the Path Switch Request message. If the "PATH SWITCH REQUEST Transfer IE" in the Path Switch Request message contains a processing indicator IE based on the PDU set, the SMF should (if supported) handle this information as stipulated in TS 23.501. If the "PATH SWITCH REQUEST Transport IE" in the Path Switch Request message contains the MBS support indicator IE, then the SMF should (if supported) handle this information as stipulated in TS 23.247. If supported, the NG-RAN node should report the PATH SWITCH REQUEST transmission of the ECN tag in IE or congestion information report status IE in the Path Switch Request message. If the ECN tag or congestion information reporting status IE is included in the PATH SWITCH REQUEST Transport IE of the Path switch Request message, the SMF should (if supported) use it to infer whether the ECN tag at NG-RAN, the ECN tag at UPF, or congestion information reporting is active. As described in TS 23.501.   3. Upstream Data Processing   If the PATH SWITCH REQUEST ACKNOWLEDGE Transfer IE of the Path Switch Request Acknowledge message contains UL NG-U UP TNL Information IE Then the NG-RAN node should store this information and use it as the uplink termination point for the user plane data of this PDU session. If the PATH SWITCH REQUEST ACKNOWLEDGE Transfer IE of the Path Switch Request Acknowledge message contains additional NG-U UP TNL Information IE, Then the NG-RAN node should store this Information and use the UL NG-U UP TNL Information IE contained therein as the uplink termination point for the user plane data of this PDU session (split into different tunnels). If the PATH SWITCH REQUEST ACKNOWLEDGE transmission IE of the path switch request acknowledge message contains redundant UL NG-U UP TNL information IE, the NG-RAN node should (if supported) store this information. And use it as the uplink termination point of the user plane data for the redundant transmission of this PDU session, as described in TS 23.501. If the PATH SWITCH REQUEST ACKNOWLEDGE transmission IE of the path switch Request acknowledge message contains additional redundant NG-U UP TNL information IE, the NG-RAN node should (if supported) store this information. And use the included UL NG-U UP TNL information IE as the uplink termination point for the user plane data split in different tunnels of this PDU session

Similar to the previous generation 4G (LTE) systems, the Path Switch Request is a signaling message sent by the target base station to the core network during handover to redirect the (user) data path of the terminal's (packet data) session. This message initiates a process where the session management unit instructs the user plane to change the downlink data endpoint from the old site (source) to the new site, ensuring uninterrupted data flow to the user's new location.   I. Path Switch Request In 5G, the path request process establishes a terminal (UE)-related signaling connection with the 5GC and, where applicable, requests switching the downlink terminal point of the NG-U transport bearer to a new terminal point. This process utilizes UE-related signaling.   II. Path Request Process As illustrated in Figure 8.4.4.2-1 below, the “PATH SWITCH REQUEST” is initiated by the target NG-RAN node to the AMF. Its specific definition is as follows: The NG-RAN node initiates the process by sending a Path Switch Request (PATH SWITCH REQUEST) message to the AMF. Upon receiving the PATH SWITCH REQUEST message, the AMF shall transparently transfer the Path Switch Request Transfer IE to the SMF associated with each PDU session indicated in the PDU Session ID IE. Upon receiving the PATH SWITCH REQUEST message, the AMF shall deactivate the activated MT communication processing as described in TS 23.502.   III. Path Request Message Processing If the PATH SWITCH REQUEST message contains an RRC Resume Cause IE, the AMF shall (if supported) use it in accordance with the user plane CIoT 5GS optimization provisions for NG-RAN nodes acting as ng-eNBs specified in TS 23.502. If the PATH SWITCH REQUEST message contains a RedCap Indicator IE or eRedCap Indicator IE, the AMF shall (if supported) treat the UE as a RedCap UE or eRedCap UE previously served by an E-UTRA cell, respectively, and use this IE according to TS 23.501. After all necessary updates (including uplink path switching) are successfully completed in the 5GC, the AMF shall send a Path Switch Request Acknowledge message to the NG-RAN node for at least one PDU session resource included in the Path Switch Request. The process then terminates.   IV. PDU Session Handling For an IAB-MT or mobile IAB-MT where the PDU session ID IE in the PATH SWITCH REQUEST message indicates an unassigned PDU session identifier (as defined in TS 24.007), the AMF shall (if supported) consider the IAB-MT or mobile IAB-MT to lack a PDU session and proceed as specified in TS 23.501. Subsequently, the NG-RAN node shall (if supported) ignore the PDU Session Resource Switched List IE in the Path Switch Request Acknowledge message. For each PDU session where the Path Switch Request Transfer IE within the Path Switch Request message contains an Additional DL QoS Flow per TNL Information IE, The SMF can use each included uplink transport layer information as the downlink termination point for the associated QoS flows split across different tunnels for this PDU session.

As a key device for realizing small-scale network transmission, routers have become an indispensable electronic product around the world. Simply put, it is a connection medium, responsible for "connecting various small local area networks together. With the increasing maturity and popularity of 4G/5G technology, many terminal devices have appeared on the market, especially 4G/5GCPE, because of its excellent performance and flexibility. What is CPE CPE is actually a network terminal device that receives mobile signals and forwards them as wireless Wi-Fi signals. It can support a large number of mobile terminals surfing the Internet at the same time. 4G CPE It is indeed inconvenient to open broadband at home when you live for a short period of time or the broadband cost is not cost-effective. But now with wireless router °4G CPE, everything has become simpler. There is no need to extend the broadband, just plug in the SIM card and turn on the power, and you can easily achieve a high-speed Internet experience from 4G to Wi-Fi. This plug-and-play feature greatly simplifies the network deployment process, allowing renters, small home users, and mobile office users to easily enjoy convenient network services. If you have requirements for the performance of wireless routers and want to be more cost-effective, you can also try our LTE Cat12 equipment such as R80a. The theoretical peak rate is 600Mbps (DL)/150Mbps (UL), which can meet customer requirements for high rate levels. . Qualcomm SDX12 has better power consumption and speed characteristics, bringing users a faster and better mobile communication experience. It also supports both 2.4GHz and 5GHz frequency bands, and can support up to 32 users to connect at the same time, which is very suitable for network environments shared by many people. 5G CPE With the full popularity of 5G, the requirements for home and enterprise networks are getting higher and higher. Our 5G high-performance products are favored and sought after by more and more customers because of their excellent performance. For home users, it can provide high-speed and stable network connections to ensure extremely fast and smooth playback of high-definition videos. In addition, it also tailors high-performance network solutions for small and medium-sized enterprises, equipped with multiple full Gigabit network ports to meet the needs of multi-device access and wired connections, ensuring the stability of the enterprise's internal network, and is suitable for high-definition video conferencing, data transmission and cloud office and other applications. For temporary network needs, such as exhibitions, short-term rentals, outdoor activities, and emergency communications, its plug-and-play characteristics and high-performance performance make it an ideal choice, allowing customers to quickly build an efficient and stable network environment anytime, anywhere.