What's in C-V2X (Cellular Vehicle-to-Everything) (5)?

From its inception during the 4G (LTE) era to the present day, C-V2X has been developing for 10 years. During this time, manufacturers from many countries have participated in research and testing, and the technology has been successfully implemented.

I. C-V2X technology progress demonstrates a path towards 5G evolution. While 802.11p-based V2X technology is widely adopted by manufacturers, the 5GAA has proposed standards for C-V2X development;

• In China, the first C-V2X trial was launched in 2016, using chipsets from CATT (Datang), Huawei HiSilicon, and Qualcomm. Multi-vendor interoperability testing of PC5-based LTE-V2X applications was completed in Shanghai in November 2018, and a C-V2X "four-layer" interoperability application demonstration focusing on security mechanisms was organized in Shanghai in October 2019.
• In Japan, C-V2X trials began in 2018, with application scenarios including V2V, V2P, V2I, and V2N operations in wide-area communication based on cellular networks, and supporting cloud access; South Korea successfully demonstrated 5G C-V2X communication between autonomous driving test vehicles (AVs) in 2019.

• C-V2X Development Blueprint: The U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) officially announced the allocation of 5.9GHz intelligent transportation system (ITS) spectrum for C-V2X in December 2019; finally, in November 2020, it decided to reserve 30 megahertz of spectrum in the 5.895–5.925GHz band for ITS radio services using C-V2X technology. Meanwhile, Europe is developing a new EN (European Standard) to define the application of C-V2X as an access layer technology for C-ITS (Cooperative Intelligent Transportation Systems), which has been approved by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI). Australia initially launched road testing of C-V2X technology in Victoria at the end of 2018. Based on 3GPP versions and supply chain readiness, the long-term blueprint for global traffic efficiency and basic safety C-V2X application use cases, developed by 5GAA in September 2020, has been fully realized.

III. C-V2X Technology Applications: Currently, C-V2X is gaining momentum in markets such as the United States, Europe, Australia, China, Japan, and South Korea. C-V2X is becoming dominant globally, with many countries and governments prioritizing it in their intelligent transportation system plans; countries and regions such as the United States and China have already begun issuing licenses for vehicles using C-V2X technology.