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Ⅰ​. RSRP Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) is a key metric in the 5G wireless communication system, which indicates the power level of the signal received by the terminal (UE) from the wireless cell, and plays a crucial role in determining the quality of the wireless link between the user terminal (UE) and the 5G (UE) base station.5G(NR) RSRP Definition and Measurement in Wireless Networks See:   * RSRP Measurement and Filtering in 5G   * RSRP Measurement Characteristics in 5G(NR)   * RSRP Measurement and Mapping in 5G(NR) Networks   * What is the use of RSRP and RSRQ in 5G?   * RSRP,RSSI,RSRQ and SINR Measurement in 5G   Ⅱ.RSRP and Min RSRP Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) is measured in dBm (decibels), and the higher the measurement, the stronger the signal. Min RSRP (Minimum Reference Signal Received Power) is defined by the operator as the signal strength that ensures a stable and efficient connection between the user's device and the 5G(NR) network.Min RSRP as a threshold also defines the minimum acceptable strength of the received signal that is required for a reliable connection between the terminal and the network.   Ⅲ.RSRP and Network Coverage RSRP is one of the key metrics when measuring the coverage of a wireless network; typically a higher Min RSRP indicates better network coverage and a stronger, more stable signal. This is particularly important to ensure reliable data transmission and reception, minimize the risk of connection interruptions, and optimize the overall performance of 5G(NR) networks. The specific Min RSRP value in an existing network may vary depending on the network configuration, deployment scenario and service provider. Depending on factors such as population density, urban or rural environments, and the specific use cases they cater to, different regions and operators may have different Min RSRP requirements.   Ⅳ.Min RSRP and User Experience Setting and maintaining Min RSRP levels is critical to ensuring a consistent and high-quality user experience in 5G networks. It helps prevent issues such as signal degradation, dropped connections, and slow data speeds, all of which are important considerations for delivering reliable and efficient 5G services. In addition, a robust RSRP ensures that the 5G network can effectively support applications that require low latency and high data rates, such as augmented reality, virtual reality and critical industrial automation.  

In order to make it easier for the terminal (UE) to understand which cells are available in the network and which ones are not; 3GPP defines in TS38.304 that wireless cells (Cel) in a 5G (NR) network are categorized according to the services they (can) provide as follows;.   I.Acceptable cell is a cell in which a terminal (UE) can reside to obtain limited services (to initiate emergency calls and receive ETWS and CMAS notifications). This type of cell should meet the following requirements (minimum requirements for initiating emergency calls and receiving ETWS and CMAS notifications in 5G networks); the cell is not prohibited; and it meets the cell selection criteria.   * The subdivision is not prohibited. * Meets subdivision selection criteria.   II.Suitable cell for a terminal (UE) not operating in SNPN access mode, a cell is considered suitable if the following conditions are met:   * The cell is part of a list of selected, registered, or equivalent PLMNs and for that PLMN;   * The cell broadcasts a PLMN-ID for that PLMN that has no associated CAG-ID and the CAG unique indication for that PLMN in the UE does not exist or is false;   * The list of allowed CAGs for that PLMN in the UE includes the AG-ID broadcast by the cell for that PLMN;   * The cell selection criteria are satisfied.   According to the latest information provided by NAS:   * The cell is not banned; * The cell belongs to at least one TA that does not belong to the list of "No Tracking Areas", which belongs to the PLMN selection requirements that fulfill the first point above.   For UEs operating in SNPN access mode, a cell is considered suitable if the following conditions are met:   * The cell is part of a UE selected SNPN or registered SNPN;   * The cell selection criteria are met;   According to the latest information provided by NAS:   * The cell is not banned; * The cell belongs to at least one TA that does not belong to the "No Tracking Area" list, which belongs to the selected SNPN or the SNPN registered by the UE.   III.Barred cell If the system information indicates that the cell is barred, the cell is barred.   IV. Reserved cell (reserved cell) If the system information indicates that the cell is reserved, the cell is reserved, except in the following cases;   If the UE is making an emergency call, all acceptable cells of that PLMN are considered suitable for the duration of the emergency call.   On a cell that belongs to a registration area in which the provision of regional services is prohibited; A cell that belongs to a registration area in which the provision of regional services is prohibited is suitable, but only limited services are provided.   The UE may perform NR Sidelink communication or V2X Sidelink communication if the UE in the RRC_IDLE state satisfies the condition of supporting NR Sidelink communication or V2X Sidelink communication in the limited service state.     NOTE: In the RRC CONNECTED state, the UE is not required to support manual search and selection of PLMN or CAG or SNPN, and the UE can use RRC local release.    

Into the 5G (NR) era 3GPP introduced MEC (Multi-access Edge Computing-Multi-access Edge Computing) for mobile communication networks, which is to place the computing resources at the edge of the mobile network; the benefits that can be brought by decentralization of computing power for the 5G system are as follows:   I. Low Latency One of the application benefits in 5G is a significant reduction in latency; by bringing computing resources closer to end users and devices, MEC can minimize the time it takes for data to travel between devices and computing infrastructure. This is critical for applications that require real-time response (e.g., augmented reality, virtual reality, and critical industrial automation processes).   II.High bandwidth efficiency By processing data closer to the source can be more effective use of network bandwidth, without the need to send all the data to a centralized data center, only relevant or processed information transmitted over the network; this not only saves bandwidth, but also improves the overall network efficiency.   III.Expandability The MEC architecture allows for easy scaling of computing resources based on demand, which is especially important in 5G networks; as 5G networks are expected to support a large number of connected devices and a variety of applications, the scalability of MEC ensures that the computing infrastructure can adapt to different workloads and user needs.   IV. Enhanced Security and Privacy MEC enhances security and privacy by processing sensitive data at the edge rather than in a centralized cloud. Critical data can be processed locally, reducing the risk of unauthorized access when data is transmitted over the network. This is particularly beneficial for applications involving sensitive information, such as healthcare and finance.   V. Edge AI Support MEC facilitates the integration of edge artificial intelligence (AI) applications. By running AI algorithms closer to the data source, MEC can speed up the decision-making process. This is critical for applications such as self-driving cars and smart cities that require real-time analysis of data.   VI.User Experience Enhancement The combination of low latency, high bandwidth efficiency, and edge processing improves the overall user experience; applications that require immediate response (e.g., online gaming and video streaming) can benefit greatly from MEC in 5G networks.   MEC applications in 5G offer a range of benefits, including reduced latency, increased bandwidth efficiency, scalability, improved security and privacy, support for edge AI, and enhanced user experience. These benefits make MEC a key component in optimizing 5G network performance across industries and applications.

Regarding MBS data processing, carrier aggregation and discontinuous reception in 5G(NR) networks, 3GPP defines the following in TS38.300;   1. DATA RECEIVING In 5G(NR) the network for multicast service base station side of the gNB can transmit MBS multicast packets using the following methods:   * PTP transmission:The gNB transmits a copy of the MBS packet to each terminal (UE) individually, i.e., the gNB uses the UE-specific PDCCH (CRC is scrambled by the UE-specific RNTI (e.g., C-RNTI)) to schedule the UE-specific PDSCH that is scrambled using the same UE-specific RNTI.   * PTM Transmission:The gNB transmits a single copy of the MBS packet to a group of terminals (UEs), e.g., the gNB uses a group common PDCCH (CRC is scrambled by a group common RNTI) to schedule a group common PDSCH that uses the same group common RNTI scrambling.   2.Terminal (UE) Processing If the UE is configured for both PTM and PTP transmission, the gNB dynamically decides whether or not to transmit multicast data over the PTM line and/or the PTP line for a given UE, based on the defined protocol stack in accordance with the information on the MBS session QoS requirements, the number of UEs joining, the UEs individual feedback on the quality of reception and other criteria. The same QoS requirements apply regardless of the decision made. Among other things:     * UE in RRC_INACTIVE state, MBS multicast session data reception does not support PTP transmission.   * UE in RRC_INACTIVE state, MBS multicast session data reception does not support SPS.   3.Carrier Aggregation (CA) supports 5G terminals (UEs) that can be configured to receive MBS multicast data from a PCell or a single SCell at a time.   4.Discontinuous Reception (DRX) The 5G terminal (UE) performing MBS service can use the following DRX configuration when performing PTM/PTP transmission in RRC_CONNECTED state:     * For PTM transmissions, the multicast DRX is configured according to G-RNTI/G-CS-RNTI, independent of the 5G terminal (UE)-specific DRX;   * For PTP transmissions, the UE-specific DRX will be reused, i.e., the 5G terminal (UE)-specific DRX can be used for both unicast transmissions for MBS multicast and PTP transmissions. For PTM retransmission via PTP, the UE monitors the PDCCH that is scrambled by C-RNTI/CS-RNTI during the specific DRX activity time.    The 5G terminal (UE) of RRC_INACTIVE can use the following DRX configurations when performing PTM transmission:   * For PTM transmissions, multicast DRX is configured per G-RNTI.     ---PTM (Point to Multipoint): Point to Multipoint (Transport)   ---PTP(Point to Point):Point to Point (transmission)    

1. Service continuity :The mobility of the terminal (UE) in 5G-supported multicast service (MBS), in principle, is the same as for other services in 5G (NR) systems.   2.Multicast switching :The mobility procedure for multicast reception allows the UE to continue to receive multicast services via PTM or PTP in the new cell after the switchover; where:   2.1.Switchover preparation phase :The source gNB transmits to the target gNB the UE context information of the MBS multicast sessions to which the UE has joined. in order to support the provision of local multicast services with location-dependent content (as described in TS 23.247 [45]) for each active multicast session, the target gNB may be provided with service area information for each regional session ID. The source gNB may propose data forwarding for certain MRBs to minimize data loss and may exchange the corresponding MRB PDCP sequence numbers with the target gNB during switchover preparation:   If the UE configures a PTP RLC AM entity in the target cell MRB, the MBS supports inter-cell switching and lossless switching of multicast services regardless of whether the UE configures a PTP RLC AM entity in the source cell.   To support lossless switching of multicast services, the network shall ensure synchronization and continuity of the DL PDCP COUNT values between the source and target cells. Additionally PDCP status reports from source gNB to target gNB data forwarding and/or UE for multicast session MRBs may be used during lossless handover.     2.2 Multicast Session Processing : For each multicast session that is performing user data transmission:   If MBS session resources do not exist on the target gNB. the target gNB triggers the setting of MBS user-plane resources to the 5GC using the NGAP distribution setup procedure.   If unicast transmission is used, the target gNB provides the DL tunnel endpoint to be used for MB-SMF.   If multicast transmission is used, the target gNB receives the IP multicast address from the MB-SMF.   2.3 Switchover execution :The MBS configuration decided by the target gNB during the period is sent to the UE via the source gNB within the RRC container (as described in TS38.331 [12]). the PDCP entity of the multicast MRB in the UE may be re-established or may remain as it is. When the UE connects to the target gNB. the target gNB sends an indication to the SMF that it is an MBS Supporting Node in a Path Switching Request message (Xn Switching) or Switching Request Acknowledgement message (NG Switching).   2.4 After Successful Switchover Completion : For any multicast session with no remaining joining UEs in the gNB, the source gNB may trigger the release of MBS user plane resources to the 5GC using the NGAP distribution release procedure.    

Reference Signal in 5G network is an important part of wireless communication system, which can provide basic information for effective and reliable wireless communication, and also play an important role in channel estimation, beamforming and overall system synchronization; it helps to realize the high performance promised by 5G technology.   1. Reference signals in 5G are known signals sent by the base station (gNodeB) that serve as reference points for the user equipment (UE) to detect and interpret the received signals. These signals are intended to aid in all aspects of wireless communication, including channel estimation, beamforming, and synchronization.   2.Types of Reference Signals 5G networks use different types of reference signals, each with a specific purpose. Common types include:   *Cell Specific Reference Signals (CRS): These signals are broadcast by the gNodeB and provide information about overall channel conditions and system configuration.   *UE Specific Reference Signals (URS): These signals are designed for specific UEs and help to estimate channel conditions for individual devices.   3.Reference Signals Time-Frequency Domain:Reference signals are distributed in the frequency and time domains. In the frequency domain they are assigned to specific blocks of resources, while in the time domain they are associated with specific time slots within subframes.   4.Cell Search and Initial Synchronization During the initial connection setup, the UE performs cell search and synchronization using reference signals. The presence of a well-defined reference signal helps the UE to identify the gNodeB and synchronize its time and frequency parameters with the network.   5.Channel Estimation Reference signals are critical for accurate channel estimation.The UE uses these signals to evaluate the characteristics of the wireless channel, including its fading, attenuation, and other impairments. This information is essential for optimizing the transmission and reception of data.   6.Beamforming and MIMO:Advanced techniques such as beamforming and MIMO are used in 5G(NR) to enhance the communication performance. Reference signals play a key role in these techniques by helping to accurately align the beam and optimize the use of multiple antennas to improve signal quality.   7.UE Measurement and Reporting:The UE continuously measures the quality of the reference signal and reports this information to the gNodeB. The network uses these measurements for purposes such as switching decisions, resource allocation, and interference management.   8.Dynamic Adaptation:The reference signal supports dynamic adaptation to changing channel conditions. As the wireless environment evolves, the network can adjust transmission parameters such as reference signal power and configuration to maintain optimal performance.   9.To mitigate frequency-conducting pollution: in the case of multiple cells deployed in close proximity, interference caused by reference signals from neighboring cells may lead to frequency-conducting pollution. Sophisticated algorithms and techniques are used to mitigate this interference and improve overall network performance.   10.Digital system and beam management:Reference signals are closely related to the digital system of a 5G system, which defines parameters such as subcarrier spacing and time slot duration. The correct configuration of the reference signal helps to achieve effective beam management and support multiple use cases for 5G.   11.MassMIMO and millimeter waves:Reference signals for MassMIMO implementation in 5G are critical because gNodeB uses a large number of antennas. They are also essential in millimeter-wave (mmWave) deployments, where channel characteristics are affected by factors such as beam directionality and blocking.   12.Synchronization Signals:Reference signals are used to transmit synchronization signals that help the UE synchronize its timing and frequency parameters with the gNodeB; proper synchronization is essential to avoid interference and ensure reliable communications.   13.Dynamic allocation and resource management: Dynamic allocation of reference signals based on network conditions is a key feature of 5G. The network can intelligently manage the resources dedicated to the reference signal to optimize overall system performance.   14.Control and data channels: Reference signals play a role in both control and data channels. They are critical for accurate demodulation of control information and help improve the reliability of data transmission.     Reference signals in 5G(NR) are essential for efficiency, reliability and performance of wireless communications. They contribute to initial cell search, synchronization, channel estimation, beamforming, and a variety of other tasks necessary to provide high-quality connectivity and meet the diverse requirements of 5G use cases.  

In 5G (NR) networks RB (Resource Block- Resource Block) and PRB (Physical Resource Block- Physical Resource Block) are both resource allocation units on the radio interface; they are essential for efficient data transmission and reception, and play a key role in realizing the high data rates, low latency, and flexibility that 5G promises, with their respective characteristics and uses are as follows;   I. RB (Resource Block) in 5G (NR) its represents the unit of frequency and time resources that can be allocated to a user or service, and is also the basic building block for resource allocation in the time-frequency domain, where.   Frequency and time division:RBs are organized in both the frequency and time domains; RBs are continuous blocks of spectrum in the frequency domain, and RBs represent continuous time slots within a subframe in the time domain.   Size and Configuration:The RB size in the frequency domain is determined by the system bandwidth; typically 1 RB in a 5G(NR) system usually corresponds to 12 subcarriers in the frequency domain, while the number of allocations in the time domain depends on the time slot and subframe configuration.   Flexibility and Adaptability:RBs are flexible in terms of resource allocation, allowing network operators to adapt the allocation to the specific requirements of users, applications and network conditions. This adaptability is essential to achieve efficient spectrum utilization.   Downlink and uplink RB: In the downlink, the base station (gNodeB) allocates RBs to users (UEs) for data transmission; in the uplink, UEs transmit data to the gNodeB based on the allocated RBs.   Orthogonality:RBs are designed to be orthogonal so that interference is minimized when assigning RBs to different users or services. This orthogonality improves the overall spectral efficiency of the system.   MIMO and beamfitting: RBs play a critical role in supporting advanced technologies such as MIMO and beamfitting. The allocation of RBs can be optimized to take advantage of spatial diversity and enhance the overall performance of the wireless link.   II.PRB (Physical Resource Block) is a specific instance of a resource block in the physical layer of a wireless communication system; it refers to the actual set of subcarriers and time slots allocated for data transmission.   Subcarrier and Symbol Allocation:The PRB consists of a set of consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain and represents a set of consecutive symbols or time slots in the time domain.The allocation of subcarriers and symbols within the PRB is determined by the system configuration and modulation scheme.   Mapping to the Physical Layer:The PRB is the entity that physically maps to the wireless signals transmitted over the air.The information carried by the PRB includes user data and control information required to manage the communication link.   Modulation and Coding:Subcarrier assignment within the PRB allows for the simultaneous transmission of multiple data streams using techniques such as QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation). Modulation and coding schemes can be adapted to the channel conditions and specific characteristics of the PRB.   Dynamic Resource Allocation:PRBs support dynamic resource allocation, allowing the system to adapt to changing channel conditions and different data rate requirements. This adaptability is essential to achieve high spectral efficiency and to meet the diverse needs of different services.   Channel quality feedback: The channel quality associated with a particular PRB is continuously monitored. the UE provides channel quality feedback to the gNodeB, allowing dynamic adjustment of resource allocation to maintain reliable communications.   Scheduling and authorization: The scheduling and authorization of PRBs is a core function in the 5G system. gNodeB schedules PRBs to be allocated to UEs based on factors such as channel conditions, QoS (Quality of Service) requirements, and priority.   TDD and FDD operation:PRBs can be adapted to both time division duplex (TDD) and frequency division duplex (FDD) modes of operation. This flexibility enables 5G networks to operate efficiently in a variety of deployment scenarios.   Digits and timeslot configuration:The concept of digits in 5G refers to the combination of subcarrier spacing and timeslot duration. Different numbers are defined to accommodate different use cases.PRB allocation is closely related to the number and timeslot configurations, affecting the granularity of resource allocation.   Beam Management and Mobility:PRBs play a role in beam management and mobility management strategies. Beamforming and tracking of mobile users involves dynamic adaptation of PRB allocations to optimize the communication link.   Link Adaptation and Efficiency:PRBs support link adaptation techniques in which modulation and coding schemes are dynamically adapted to channel conditions. This adaptation helps to improve the efficiency and reliability of data transmission.   RB (Resource Blocks) and PRB (Physical Resource Blocks) as the basic units of 5G (NR) wireless networks provide the basis for dynamic allocation of resources in the time and frequency domains.RB provide flexibility, adaptability, and orthogonality, whereas PRB denote the physical entities that carry the user's data and control information through the air interface.Effective management of RB and PRB is essential to achieve the high-performance goals of 5G (high data rates, low latency, and efficient spectrum utilization). latency and efficient spectrum utilization).    

The bandwidth of a carrier in wireless communications is the range of frequencies allocated for wireless signal transmission, and the wireless carrier bandwidth plays a crucial role in determining the data rate, capacity, and overall performance of a communication system.5G(NR) networks can operate in a variety of frequency bands, each of which has its own characteristics, and the carrier bandwidth can vary depending on the frequency used. range; the key and detailed information of 5G(NR) carrier bandwidth are as follows respectively; 1. Frequency bands:5G(NR) networks operate in the Sub 6GHz to mmWave (millimeter wave) frequency band range. Each band is associated with specific characteristics and the bandwidth of the carrier depends on the portion of spectrum allocated. 2.Sub6GHz:The Sub 6GHz band is characterized by relatively low frequencies compared to the mmWave band.Sub 6GHz carriers typically provide wider coverage and better obstacle penetration; bandwidths are typically in the range of tens to hundreds of MHz. 3. mmWave (millimeter wave) band: This band contains higher frequencies and is capable of transmitting large amounts of data over shorter distances. mmWave band carriers provide significantly wider bandwidths, ranging from a few hundred megahertz to a few gigahertz. 4.Carrier Aggregation (CA): This is a technology that combines multiple carriers to achieve higher data rates and increase network capacity; the total bandwidth available to the endpoint (UE) is the sum of the bandwidths of the aggregated carriers.   5. Wideband and Ultrawideband Carriers:In some deployments, especially in the mmWave band, carriers with ultrawide bandwidth can be used to support very high data rates. These ultra-wideband carriers can extend into the gigahertz range, enabling the provision of enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) services. 6.Channel Bandwidth Configuration:5G(NR) supports a variety of channel bandwidth configurations, allowing operators to allocate different amounts of spectrum to individual carriers. Common channel bandwidths include 5MHz, 10MHz, 20MHz, 40MHz, 50MHz, 100MHz, etc., depending on the specific deployment scenario and available spectrum. 7.Capacity and Data Rate:The bandwidth of a 5G(NR) carrier directly affects the network's ability to handle simultaneous connections and the data rate that can be realized per connection. Wider bandwidth typically supports higher data rates and higher network capacity. 8.Dynamic Spectrum Sharing (DSS):This is a technology that allows for the simultaneous operation of 4G LTE and 5G NR in the same frequency band. The bandwidth allocated to 5G(NR) carriers in a DSS deployment can be dynamically adjusted based on network requirements and coexistence with 4G services. 9.Network Planning and Optimization:Network operators carefully plan and optimize carrier bandwidth allocation to ensure efficient use of available spectrum resources, minimize interference and meet the specific requirements of different deployment scenarios and use cases.   10.Regulatory Considerations:5G(NR) operators' band allocations and available bandwidth are subject to regulatory decisions by government agencies. Regulators determine spectrum allocation, licensing and utilization policies to ensure fair and efficient use of the radio spectrum. Operators' radio bandwidth in 5G(NR) is a key parameter that affects the performance, capacity and data rates of 5G networks, which varies according to the frequency bands used, channel bandwidth configurations, and deployment scenarios, and plays a key role in delivering a wide range of services and applications supported by 5G technology.    

    Nowadays, in the field of information Communication is everywhere A universe of stars Networking devices come in all shapes and sizes Whether wired or wireless Behind the scenes lies a mysterious and important rule It's called network protocol. Wherever you can communicate without plugging in. Without plugging in a wire, it's all about wireless protocols.   Mainstream wireless communication protocols The birth of wireless communication protocols can be traced back to the end of the 19th century, and with the development of radio technology, wireless communication protocols were gradually formed and developed. Wireless communication protocols can be categorized into three types, i.e. long distance, medium distance and short distance. As the name suggests, the difference between the three is the distance covered. Long range is measured in miles, while medium range is measured in tens to hundreds of feet, and short range is usually defined as distances less than 10 feet apart. Some of the more popular wireless communication protocols are Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, ZigBee, LoRa and MQTT.    Wi-Fi has become a ubiquitous technology in today's world and is the preferred method of Internet access for more and more users, and has gradually replaced wired access. Wi-Fi is now available at home, in the office, in restaurants and even on high speed trains, and has entered the fast lane with Wi-Fi 7. Wi-Fi 7 enhances WLAN performance in the 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, and 6 GHz bands to provide higher data throughput and support deterministic latency. ▲Selected Wi-Fi operating bands and transmission rate references   Frequency bands and channels In Wi-Fi, what do we often refer to as a frequency band (Band)?   A Wi-Fi band refers to a specific frequency range of radio waves that is allocated for wireless communication. Different wireless communication technologies use different frequency bands to avoid interference with each other.   The most common WiFi bands include 2.4GHz and 5GHz.   2.4GHz The 2.4G operating band ranges from 2400~2483.5MHz, each channel occupies about 20M, dividing 2.4G into 13 channels.     The 2.4G operating band is mainly based on IEEE 802.11b and other technical standards, and the supported modes include 802.11b, 802.11g, 802.11b/g, 802.11b/g/n/ax, with a bandwidth support of 20MH and 40MHz, and the operating band is 2.4GHz.   5GHz The 5G operating band range is 5150MHz~5825MHz, and the larger band range allows it to have 13 (of which 100~140 channels are not available domestically) non-overlapping channels.   The 5G operating band is mainly based on the IEEE 802.11ac technology standard, and the supported modes include 802.11a, 802.11a/n/ac, 802.11a/n/ac/ax, with bandwidths of 20MHz, 40MHz, 80MHz and 160MHz, and an operating band of 5GHz.   6GHz If we compare the spectrum to the oxygen of the communications industry, then 6GHz is the “less cultivated and extremely clean” pure oxygen. 6GHz refers to the frequency range of 5925 MHz to 7125 MHz this spectrum, the bandwidth of 1.2G. The higher the frequency, the faster the speed. 6GHz combines the advantages of low-frequency coverage and high-frequency capacity, and can “reject” more interference.   The higher the frequency, the faster the speed. 6GHz combines the advantages of low-frequency coverage and high-frequency capacity, and can “reject” more interference.     We can loosely understand the frequency band as a highway between two places, 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz, 6 GHz is a different road, each has a different working channel. It's like a car on a highway and a subway on an underground track, each with its own characteristics.         The frequency band specifies the frequency range in which the wireless communication system operates. In practice, the transmission of data does not necessarily require the entire frequency band, and at the same time, in order to avoid competition between many devices, the concept of channel bandwidth is generated. That is, in the fixed frequency band, a number of different channel bandwidth can be flexibly allocated.   That is, the channel is further divided on the basis of the frequency band.   Why don't we have more channels?   First of all, the more channels, then the width of each channel is very narrow, the probability of conflict between terminals in the channel becomes greater, if you want to avoid or reduce the conflict, then you need to spend more time to monitor the conflict, and if there is a problem, you need to retransmit the packet, so the speed is certainly not up.   What else do you have to add about Wi-Fi bands and channels, welcome to interact with us~!    

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